Monday, August 24, 2020
Shipping Modes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Delivery Modes - Essay Example An air transporter might be favored when the client requires the merchandise around the same time or following one day and lives a long way from the creation or dispersion point. Utilizing the air to ship load is quicker that different mediums, for example, street or rail. Furthermore, utilizing the air mode dodges postpones that might be brought about by obstacles ashore, for example, car influxes and other regular events ashore. The Air dispatching mode is likewise advantageous for transitory products that need to show up at the client quick. The high speeds included make it workable for merchandise top arrive at the client while they are still new. Choosing a fast mode likewise has some budgetary tendency in that it is marginally costly to utilize snappy modes. The transportation organization may require the client to cause extra expenses contingent upon the less time expected to dispatch the items. For more slow delivery modes, rates are increasingly loose. 3dcart University | 9 Important Factors to Consider When Choosing a Shipping Carrier. (n.d.). Recovered from
Saturday, August 22, 2020
A Summary of Bram Stokers Dracula Essay -- English Literature
A Summary of Bram Stoker's Dracula Dracula is an epistolary novel, implying that is formed from letters, diary and journal sections, wires, and news cut-outs. Jonathan Harker, Mina Murray (later Mina Harker), and Dr. Seward compose the biggest commitments to the novel in spite of the fact that the compositions of Lucy Westenra and Abraham Van Helsing comprise some key pieces of the book. The tale has a somewhat journalistic feel, as it is a nerve racking account as far as anyone knows composed by the individuals who saw the book's occasions. A youthful Englishman named Jonathan Harker goes through Transylvania on a work excursion. He is there to help Count Dracula, a Transylvanian aristocrat, in purchasing an English bequest. His excursion into the remote Eastern European scene is fearsome, albeit at first he is enchanted by the Count's liberality and knowledge. Bit by bit, he comes to understand that he is a detainee in Dracula's château, and that the Count is a satanic being who intends to go after the abounding masses of London. Having the extraordinary capacity to scale vertical dividers what's more, live without a reflection. Dracula leaves him to kick the bucket at the hands of three female vampires, however Jonathan endeavors a urgent getaway. Then, in England, Jonathan's fiancã ©e Mina visits her closest companion, Lucy Westenra. Lucy has as of late been proposed to by three men Arthur Holmwood, Dr. Seward, and Quincey Morris. She picks Arthur to be her glad fiancã ©. Mina and Lucy excursion together at Whitby, an interesting ocean side town prestigious for its spooky history. While they are there, a Russian vessel is wrecked. An enormous pooch jumps from the disaster area and flees. The entirety of its group are missing separated from one dead commander. The boat was conveying fifty boxes of e... ...la's chest. Presently, after enough time has passed she will become one of the undead except if they can annihilate Dracula first. They set to work, cleaning (with heavenly wafer) everything except one of the encloses one day. Dracula, in the last box, escapes back to Transylvania to rest and refocus for another assault. The band of companions tracks him down, separating so Van Helsing and Mina will go to cleanse the manor while the four youngsters track the last box. Van Helsing and Mina succeed, executing the three female vampires and utilizing heavenly wafer to render the château appalling for the undead. They at that point pull together with the others, and all together they encompass the rovers who are shipping Dracula in his casket. During the battle against the wanderers, Quincey gets a human injury. Jonathan and Quincey convey the executing hits to Dracula similarly as the sun is setting.
Thursday, July 16, 2020
Leasing vs. Buying Office Equipment
Leasing vs. Buying Office Equipment Every office and business enterprise requires office equipment to ensure smooth running of the business. Investing in office equipment for all types of businesses, regardless of whether they are startups or well established, is necessary. But there is a catch; small business owners usually do not have sufficient financial means to purchase expensive office equipment.In such cases, leasing office equipment makes things easier for the business owner to run the business without falling into a financial hole right from the start. As for medium-scale businesses, sometimes purchasing the equipment outright does not seem to be a viable option due to many underlying problems, so leasing office equipment for a fixed term makes sense.When you consider getting new office equipment, there are different factors to consider apart from the overall cost such as flexibility, tax deductions, maintenance, etc. © Shutterstock.com | LI CHAOSHUIn this article, we will discuss in detail everything related to buying and leasing office equipment and how it can help small- and medium-scale businesses function efficiently. In particular, we will cover sections: 1) financing options for your office equipment, 2) type of equipment finance providers, 3) advantages and disadvantages of leasing office equipment, 4) advantages and disadvantages of buying office equipment, and 5) if you choose the leasing option for your company.FINANCING OPTIONS FOR YOUR OFFICE EQUIPMENT1) BuyingBuying office equipment seems to be the easiest way to go when it comes to getting new office equipment because the newly purchased equipment is your property and you can make alterations whenever needed. You will not have to worry about signing contracts and agreements. Maintenance is also completely under your control so you can get it done anytime.You can pick a brand and model of the equipment as per your needs. You are not bound by any obligation, so when the equipment no longer fulfills the purpose you purchased it for, you can easily sell it and get a new one instead.Buying office equipment is best when the equipment you need is inexpensive, fits your budget, and has a long life, like a desktop computer for instance. Did you know tax incentives under Section 179 of the IRS Tax Codes are higher for purchased office equipment than leased?Also, if your equipment does not qualify under Section 179, you can still leverage a depreciation deduction for the equipment purchased for your office. However, buying office equipment seems out of the question for more expensive items for many reasons. For business owners who have limited means, handling the high initial costs of buying office equipment can be a problem.In certain industries where technology-driven equipment is needed from time to time, buying it is not a good option because once the technology becomes outdated you are stuck with it since you own i t. The maintenance work is also the ownerâs responsibility, which means that you will have to pay to get repair work done due to wear and tear of the equipment.Sometimes the maintenance expenditure is so exorbitant that buying office equipment becomes more of a bane than a boon.2) LeasingOn the other hand, leasing has become a popular method for acquiring business office equipment. If you need tech-savvy equipment for running your business every 3-5 years or so, leasing is the best option because it allows you to upgrade to new technologically advanced equipment.Simply put, leasing is like a loan in which the lender buys and owns equipment and in turn, rents it out to a business at a flat monthly fee for a limited term. Once the lease comes to a close, you can buy the equipment at fair market value, lease new equipment or simply continue leasing the existing one.When it comes to equipment leasing, there are two kinds of leases â" operational and financial.2.1 Operational LeaseThe operational lease is one in which the lessor allows the company to use an asset for a particular period of time. In such an arrangement, there is no transfer of ownership. The lease period of an operational lease is usually less than the economic life of the equipment. Once the lease ends, the lessor sells off the equipment to recoup additional costs.In contrast to an outright purchase or securing equipment through a standard loan, you cannot list any leased assets as capital. It is considered rental expense, which provides two great financial advantages:Your leased equipment will qualify for tax incentives;The equipment will not be recorded as a liability or asset.Usually, the rates offered by deals are a little over the top but ideally the average APR for an operating lease is 5% or lower. The lease terms normally range from 12-36 months. Since equipment leasing has now become the norm, new accounting regulations from FASB require all firms to reveal their lease obligations so th at a false impression of financial strength is not created. In fact, nowadays all companies must include all leases except ones with the shortest terms on the balance sheets. Here is the catch though; leased equipment may not be included as an asset but there are still some legal obligations to be fulfilled.2.2 Financial LeaseAnother equipment lease, also known as a capital lease, is a financial lease. The structure of this leasing arrangement is quite similar to that of an operational lease but it differs in terms of ownership. In a financial lease, the equipment purchased is owned by the lessor. As far as the balance sheet is concerned, the lease itself is reported as an asset, which in turn increases the firmâs holdings and liability.More often than not, a financial lease is preferred by large enterprises and major retailers for it offers an amazing tactical advantage. The company can enjoy depreciation tax credit on the equipment as well as the interest expense of the lease it self. Also, the company may purchase the equipment once the lease term is over if needed.Even though the advantages of choosing a financial lease are greater, the APR for a financial lease is almost double to that of an operating lease, which is why it becomes a difficult choice for small and medium business owners with limited financial means. For a financial lease, standard interest rates are currently ranging from 6-9%, while the lease terms available range from 24-72 months.TYPES OF EQUIPMENT FINANCE PROVIDERSLeasing CompanyMany leasing companies have now sprung up that form the subsidiary leasing arm of dealers and manufacturers. Such companies are often termed âcaptive lessorsâ because their primary aim is to facilitate leases with its network of dealers or parent company.Independent LessorAll third party lease providers come under this category such as banks, diversified financial companies and lease specialists that can provide leases to a business directly. An independe nt lessor is different from a leasing company because it typically specializes in remarketing the equipment to multiple manufacturers by offering a more competitive APR.BrokerJust like insurance brokers, lease brokers also serve as an intermediary between the lessees and prospective lessors by presenting offers, submitting requests for financing and handling all the legal formalities as well as the paperwork. However, hiring a lease broker is more of a luxury because you need to pay a steep commission fee. When you negotiate a deal, you can expect to pay 2-4% of the cost of the equipment.Availing the services of a broker can be helpful in certain industries, such as when you need to obtain a wider range of equipment at a better rate than you normally would otherwise.ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES OF LEASING OFFICE EQUIPMENTProsAdapt To New Technology QuickerIn certain industries, adapting to technology can help you stay on top of the game. This is where leasing helps you do just that bec ause you can lease office equipment for a specific term period. This means that you do not have to be stuck with the equipment once the technology becomes obsolete.When the lease term ends, you will have an option to upgrade office equipment, continue the lease, or simply buy the equipment at a fair market value. Getting rid of outdated equipment and adapting to the latest technology quicker gives you a competitive advantage.Less Expense Up FrontSaving cash is critical for business owners running small- and medium-scale businesses. Do not let scarce resources limit you from taking your business to the zenith of success. You can explore more avenues and get hold of more expensive equipment by leasing it instead of purchasing it.Purchasing office equipment is out of the question for many entrepreneurs simply because the upfront costs are too steep, but when you lease equipment you do not have to worry about making any down payments. That is not all, leasing also gives you more buying power. For instance, you would be able to purchase equipment worth $1500 but with leasing as an option, you would be able to get hold of more expensive equipment, worth $3000 or more, with periodic payments.Tax DeductibleLeasing will also help you qualify for tax deductions by providing income tax benefits. When you lease office equipment, it is not considered an asset, which automatically saves you from depreciating the capital cost of equipment. Instead, all leased office equipment is classified as lease expense.FlexibilityAnother great advantage of equipment leasing is flexibility. When you make an outright purchase, you are expected to pay sales tax. However, when you opt for equipment leasing the tax payments are spread over the entire term of the lease.No MaintenanceSometimes when the equipment undergoes a lot of wear and tear, the maintenance costs are too high and take a heavy toll on the business expenditure. With equipment leasing, this problem is solved because you do not have to worry about maintenance at all. All you have to do is make flat payments for the lease term while all maintenance work is handled by the leasing company.ConsLeasing Becomes Costly Over TimeYes, equipment leasing may enable you to acquire office equipment while avoiding a lump sum payment, but if you do some calculations, you will see that leasing is more expensive than outright purchasing. The reason why equipment leasing becomes costly over time is that you pay the cost of the equipment along with the company charges.Once the lease term ends, you are expected to pay a fixed amount monthly to continue using the equipment. Therefore, you will be paying almost double the amount over the years for office equipment without ever owning it.No EquityThe big bummer for most entrepreneurs is that you never become the owner of the product with leasing. The equipment will remain the property of the leasing company throughout â" before and after the lease is over. Also, you cannot sel l the equipment even after it no longer serves your purpose because the ownership is never transferred to your name.In the event that you need a better model or simply wish to discontinue using the equipment, you are required to cancel the contract and pay a hefty penalty.Long Lease TermsAnother major downside to equipment leasing is the long lease term attached to it; meaning you are committed to making monthly payments even if you stop using the equipment. This often puts entrepreneurs in a fix because they have to pay a large penalty for early termination.Disagreement over MaintenanceMaintenance is another problem that needs to be tackled once you are bound by the lease. Leasing companies do provide maintenance coverage, but the cost is then added to your monthly bill.Limited Product AvailabilityWith equipment leasing, your options are limited. If you were to buy office equipment, you could purchase any make and model considering the needs of your business, but this is not the ca se with equipment leasing. You can only select from a limited range of products offered by the leasing company.ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES OF BUYING OFFICE EQUIPMENTAdvantagesOwnershipOwnership is one of the greatest advantages of buying office equipment on your own. Since the equipment is entirely owned by you, you can make modifications or sell it off as and when needed without getting involved in legal obligations. The maintenance is also handled by the owner.Selling the EquipmentOnce you become the owner of the office equipment, you can sell the equipment at any time without delving into any formalities and agreements. Also, the equipment can be modified and/or repaired as per the requirements of the owner.Tax IncentivesThe tax incentives under Section 179 of the IRS Tax Code are more for buying office equipment than leasing it. If the equipment that you have purchased cannot be classified under Section 179, you can still claim a depreciation deduction for it.No Need to Deal with Agreements/ContractsWith leasing, you have to abide by all the terms and conditions laid down in the lease agreement and contract, but that is not the case when you purchase office equipment outright. You can directly purchase the equipment with no need to fulfill any additional obligations.Complete ControlYou can exercise complete control of the office equipment that you buy. When you lease office equipment, you are only allowed to exercise a limited degree of control on it since the equipment is still owned by the leasing company.DisadvantagesHigh Initial CostsWhen you purchase office equipment, high initial costs are almost inevitable because you have to pay all costs up front. This usually becomes a major concern for entrepreneurs who do not have abundant financial resources, which is why they inevitably have to resort to leasing.Stuck with the Same Technology for LongerIn certain technology-driven industries where the latest state-of-the-art equipment is needed, buying office e quipment seems to be a bad choice. This is because you will have to sell it in order to purchase new equipment, or continue to use it until you can afford to buy a new one.MaintenanceMaintenance can be a problem for most entrepreneurs because it can be very costly over time, due to the wear and tear of the machines. However, when you lease office equipment, maintenance is done by the leasing company most of the time, if the maintenance coverage is provided.IF YOU CHOOSE THE LEASING OPTION FOR YOUR COMPANY1) Leasing ProcessWhen you choose the leasing option, here is how you begin. First, you need to identify your equipment needs for your business. You can lease practically any type of equipment for your office on two conditions:Leasing is usually an option when you want to buy expensive equipment or small equipment in bulk. Therefore, it is hard to get a lease for equipment valued at less than $3000. Usually, leasing is a viable option for those who are looking to buy products worth $25,000 or more.Also, the equipment you want to lease must be considered a hard asset. Hard assets are those that can be classified as personal property with no permanent attachment to real estate.2) Consider Before LeasingOperational Lease vs. Financial LeaseAn operational lease allows you to use the equipment for a short period of time with no transfer of ownership to the userâs name.With a financial lease, the user owns the equipment and it is reported as an asset. Therefore, it increases the companyâs holdings and liability, too.Monthly Budget ConsiderationFor those who are on a tight monthly budget, it is important to understand that securing a financial lease is more expensive than an operational lease. You can get an average APR of 5% on an operational lease and 9-10% on a capital lease.How Long the Equipment Will Be UsedThe contract for an operating lease usually ranges from 12-36 months, so you can lease office equipment for the short term. Conversely, a capital lease c ontract extends for longer periods of time, usually up to 24-72 months.How Long the Technology Will LastIf you are operating in an industry where technologically advanced equipment is necessary for running a business smoothly, then it is best to opt for an operational lease so you can upgrade the equipment every three years or so. While on the other hand, if technology is not an issue, then you can go for a finance lease that lasts longer.3) Compare Conditions from Several LessorsPurchase Price of EquipmentEquipment leasing is usually done when your equipment needs upgrading from time to time like electronic devices, computers, etc. You can secure a lease if you have to buy pricey equipment or buy products in bulk. The purchase price of the equipment should not be less than $25,000.Possibility of a Buyout OptionWith a capital lease, you have the option to buy the equipment at market value once the lease term is over. Look for a buyout option if you wish to consider purchasing the eq uipment later on.Early Termination of the LeaseTermination of the lease is also something you might want to consider. If you terminate it early, you will be required to pay a large penalty.4) Ask Questions before Signing the Lease AgreementHow Much Money Is Required Up Front?When you opt for a lease, the lessee usually claims depreciation in exchange for a lower APR. Therefore, if you do not want to let go of the depreciation credit but you still want to go ahead with equipment leasing, make sure you ask about everything related to capital leases and the availability of financing.Are the Financing Terms Flexible?Leasing is often considered to be the most flexible option, if not the most cost effective one. If financing is a bit of a problem, you can opt for a step-up lease in which you can start off making low payments and increase the amount gradually as the lease term ends.Who Will Benefit From the Tax Incentive?Before you sign the lease contract, make sure you ask about whether y ou or the leasing company will take advantage of the tax incentive.5) Decide Which Lessor to Choose Start Using Your Newly Leased EquipmentAt the end of the day, you will have to decide which lessor to choose depending on the kind of equipment you want to lease, your budget and for how long you want to use the leased equipment. If you need to lease small office equipment in bulk for a shorter term, go for an operational lease. If you need to lease heavy machinery and want to classify it as capital, go for a capital lease instead.Now that we have discussed everything related to buying vs. leasing office equipment, we hope you will now be able to weigh the pros and cons and select an option that is in your best interest.
Thursday, May 21, 2020
Definition of Peer Pressure by Merriam Webster - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 368 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/05/29 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Peer Pressure Essay Did you like this example? According to the Merriam Websterââ¬â¢s dictionary peer group is a group of people of approximately the same age, status and interest and peer pressure as a feeling that one must do the same things as other people of oneââ¬â¢s age and social group in order to be liked or respected by them. Peer pressure can be a positive thing if it is heling the child to do good things or achieve high grades and be focused or it can be negative and can be catastrophic. When peer pressure affects in a negative way it becomes a major concern for all the parents and affects many teenagerââ¬â¢s lives today. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Definition of Peer Pressure by Merriam Webster" essay for you Create order Peer pressure can persuade a child or teenager to act and do things in a certain way that they normally wouldnââ¬â¢t do. Patricia and Peter Adler are educators and sociologists who conducted an observation in 1998 at two elementary schools in Colorado. During that period, they observed that children from schools separate themselves by gender and based on that they started to make popular and dominant groups among themselves; boys on based on athletics, coolness, toughness and girls on based on attractiveness, ability to attract more boys, dressing sense and makeup and how they carry themselves. Patricia and Peter also observed that boys who are very smart and have high grades were considered as nerds and they were not so popular and on the other hand girls who were smart and high achievers were popular and it increased their standing among the peers. In few cases, especially during high school time peer pressure become inevitable and sometimes they can make us do such things that are socially unacceptable and inappropriate for e.g. Drugs, Alcohol and Theft, as well as it can violate our own beliefs and culture for e.g. dating, kissing or sex or any physical relations when you are not prepared, violent behavior etc. In my opinion, the desire of wanting to be socially acceptable and approved can make us do certain things which can drastically change our lives without intending it, so if anyone is facing the peer pressure in a negative way should get help immediately and talk to a responsible adult.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Conflict Between Men And Gods - 978 Words
Greek tragic dramas are based on myths and are representation of human dilemmas, which often formed on conflict between men and gods. The Oedipal myth was transformed into a compelling theatrical work, ââ¬Å" Oedipus Rexâ⬠, by Sophocles. Oedipus play was a result of destiny and fate. King Laius, the father of Oedipus, tries to outwit the gods as an attempt to hold onto power and save his own life. Laius order a servant to leave Oedipus on mountain to prevent the prophecy that their son would kill his father and marry his mother. On reaching manhood, Oedipus learned from a Oracle that he would kill his father and marry his mother; to avoid this horrendous fate, he also like his father finds his destiny and decide to take some course of action to prevent the inevitable. To avoid his future sins, Oedipus come up with only one option, which is run away in hope to overcome his fate. Oedipus could have decided to stay in Corinth and faced his destiny even though it would have lead to persecution by the people. However, Oedipus flees, demonstrating again that when humans see what the future holds for them, they will take every precaution necessary to prevent a negative outcome. In Thebes, Oedipus answered the riddle of the Sphinx, a winged lion with a woman s head. The reward for defeating this dreaded monster was both the crown and the dead kings wife. When Oedipus ruled is troubled by a plague that threatens to destroy Thebes, and he is determined to find the cause of theShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Greeks And Trojans1196 Words à |à 5 Pagestremendous and the gods have direct hand in human events and these deities influence fate. The two leading gods, Achillies and Aeneas, the reader can see the ways in which these two cultural problems entwine and try to create an image of the ancient world which is at once barbarously real in terms of the depiction of not just the glory, but also the horrors of war which are filled with supernatural and mystical f igures called the gods. Each of the main characters are selected by the gods in some ways butRead MoreLocke, Hobbes, Aquinas, and Machiavell Theory on Self-Defense and Governance1548 Words à |à 7 Pagestheorize on effective political structures. Locke, Hobbes, Aquinas, and Machiavelli each followed this process in creating their political theories and at the very center of each of their theories is a commentary on human conflict. Self-defense is the very first type of conflict between humans and is defined very differently by each theorist. The subject of self-defense renders the foundation of a political theory in that it illustrates a theoristââ¬â¢s presumptions regarding human nature and interactionRead MoreHomer s Epic Poems, The Iliad And The Odyssey1254 Words à |à 6 Pagesconnection between the reader and what it is they are analyzing/reading. This paper will identify the values, conflicts, and parallels within Homerââ¬â¢s text. Religion was a strong value for the early Greek society. The Greeks looked up to the Gods and worshipped them by praying, building temples, making sacrifices, etc. Indeed, the Gods were praised but they were also respected. If a mortal committed hubris against them then they would be struck down. Often, Greeks would pray to the Gods for favorsRead MoreReligion As A Strong Value For The Early Greek Society Essay1035 Words à |à 5 PagesReligion was a strong value for the early Greek society. The Greeks looked up to the Gods and worshipped them by praying, building temples, making sacrifices, staying faithful to their religion, etc. Indeed, the Gods were praised but they were also respected. If a mortal committed hubris against them then they would be struck down. Often, Greeks would ask for favors from their Gods. This means that the relationship between the Greeks and their Deities would be one of give and take. We see this relationshipRead MoreA Man Defeated By His Flaws in Sopho clesââ¬â¢ play, ââ¬Å"Antigoneâ⬠995 Words à |à 4 Pagessurpass the laws written by the gods but his real flaw is his belief in masculine superiority and his self-destructive pride. In Greek literature, a tragedy means a sad story in which a hero is defeated because of his flaws and through this the audience will have a better understanding of themselves and the world. King Creon takes the audience thru his journey of ego, stubbornness and suffering. The opening events of the play quickly establish the central conflict between the two main characters. Read MoreEssay on Science and Relgion1232 Words à |à 5 Pagesmore and more about themselves, they found that many of the things that religion told could not true. This caused an incredible crisis between the pious religious and the scientific world, especially in the Western world where Christianity dominated society, and where these scientific discoveries were being made. It was difficult for people at first to bel ieve in God and at the same time except these new scientific findings that negated many things that religion had told them. Astonomer Kepler Read MoreThe Clash Between Okonkwo and His Society1410 Words à |à 6 Pagesneed because he is sufficient for himself, must be either a beast or a god (Moncur ). Ever since the first humans, people have sought to live and grow where other people are. This organization of people living together as a community is called a society. For the members of it, society furnishes protection, continuity, security and identity. Without a society to be a part of, man is nothing. Therefore, if a man comes into conflict with his society, he must either accept these differences or be destroyedRead MoreCultural Conflict Can Bring Dramatic Changes to Socity Essay example879 Words à |à 4 PagesCulture Conflict Can Bring Dramatic Changes to Societies Things Fall Apart written by Chinua Achebe analizes the coming of the white man and its results on the culture of the people of Umuofia. The coming of the white man brought about culture conflict which affects the people of Umuofias religion, their judicial system and their social life. Their lives are transformed in many different ways and change the perspective they have. The arrival of the white man affects the people of UmuofiasRead MoreBless Me, Ultima, And Ultima1470 Words à |à 6 Pagesand deserts. In the novel Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya, Marà a, Gabriel, and Ultima shape Antonio, creating internal conflict, pressure, independence, and strength. The conflicting dreams of Gabriel and Maria, along with a crisis of faith, create Antonioââ¬â¢s internal conflict, which Ultima and Gabriel help resolve. Gabriel and Marà aââ¬â¢s clashing aspirations create inner conflict in Antonio. Gabriel is firmly opposed to Marà aââ¬â¢s dream for Antonio. Marà a wants Antonio to become a Luna priest who rulesRead MoreAbraham Lincolns Second Inaugural Address877 Words à |à 4 PagesLincoln s Second Inaugural Address In the Second Inaugural Address (1865), Abraham Lincoln contemplates that they, as a United Nation, should reflect on the effects of the Civil War and move towards a better future for this nation. He addresses God and the issue of slavery in order to encourage the Northern and Southern states towards reconciliation. Lincoln tries to reveal his intention by utilizing figurative diction, parallel syntax, and a shifting tone. Abraham Lincoln uses figurative and
Differentiated Teaching Free Essays
Educators have always had a role of finding ways to improve their ability to provide education and learning among students. With the increasing challenges and hurdles in todayââ¬â¢s 21st century education, teachers must remain vibrant in looking for alternatives and methods that will shape and nurture students ability to decipher information, acquire new skills and develop holistically within the classroom. As I was able to watch the movie, I learned many important insights and values towards teaching. We will write a custom essay sample on Differentiated Teaching or any similar topic only for you Order Now In here, the film captured the essence of differential learning as I came across various principles that helped me gain ideas surrounding its purpose and relevance within the classroom setup. It helped me develop awareness of different methods and strategies that may be deemed applicable towards my case and other educators as well. It is by comprehending these facets that one is able to maximize the capabilities of each process and sustain the level of commitment on both parties. Reacting from this, I feel that to be able to raise these standards of accountability and responsibility among educators, there needs to be a collaborative effort among each other. This means that cooperation and information sharing is a vital component as it outlines both the positive impact and implications for pursuing a relative scheme or goal. Likewise, such understanding enables the formation of parameters for strength and skills building that are necessary to be competent in a particular area or subject. The next part involves active planning for screening students according to their preferences and strengths. Under this process, educators devise their own rubrics and goals that actively align with both their goals and sustain the parameters of facilitating outcomes that is rooted on performance and ability of each student to harness and decipher information. In the end, such process enables active involvement on the part of student and increases their capability to become proficient in the particular class. Associated with this initiative revolves around the concept of comprehending the idea of a childââ¬â¢s multiple intelligence capabilities. As the film presented the view of Howard Gardener, it gave us the impression of focusing on strengths and justifying areas wherein we can develop our weaknesses in both planning and facilitation of teaching objectives. Using various variables to denote such competencies, it can help intensify avenues towards flexibility and allows them to facilitate such objective using group dynamics and interplay. To signify the strength of this example, the movie showed dividing the group into several sections to intensify the approach of gaining confidence in their areas of expertise. Allowing this area to be considered, the educator was able to diversify the needs of students and actively address their own level of learning. This idea together with some supplementary materials, it can help adequately facilitate the ability of teachers to transcend over student needs using several methods and approaches. Such facet has been the primary aim of differential learning and has harnessed my ability as an educator to gain new skills in the process. To conclude, the film was essential in opening up awareness on my part as a teacher. It introduced me to several strategies and methods that can enhance the ability to reach out and gain competence in fostering compliance and cooperation among students. By focusing on the main tenets and facets of this theory, I as an educator can manage new ideas and use the necessary tools to develop new ways of improving classroom teaching. Such process gives me the ability to address the increasing needs of students especially in todayââ¬â¢s 21st century education. How to cite Differentiated Teaching, Papers
Saturday, April 25, 2020
The Orchestration of Jesus Triumphal Entry to Jerusalem
Abstract Jesus triumphal entry to the city of Jerusalem was a carefully orchestrated messianic act. The Old Testament prophecy of Zechariah had foretold the coming of the King of Israel and the way He would accomplish this. In the fulfillment of the prophecy, Jesus made the triumphal entry on the first day of the week and many people accompanied Him.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Orchestration of Jesus Triumphal Entry to Jerusalem specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Amidst the loud voices of praises to God, some Pharisees stood on the sidelines and criticized the multitude for their jubilant procession. However, Christ took sides with the crowd and reproved the accusers. And, sorrow was suddenly seen on the countenance of Jesus as He wept over the city of Jerusalem because of its rejection of the word of God. As a result, Christ foretold the imminent destruction of the beautiful and unholy city since it failed to acknowledge the day of Messiahââ¬â¢s visitation. Introduction Half a millennium before the coming of Christ, the prophet Zechariah predicted the coming of the King of Israel: ââ¬Å"Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion; shout, O daughter of Jerusalem: behold, thy King cometh unto thee: He is just, and having salvation; lowly, and riding upon an ass, and upon a colt the foal of an ass.â⬠Zech. 9:9. The fulfillment of this prophecy was imminent as the One who had declined many times to be bestowed with royal honours made his way to the city of Jerusalem as the promised inheritor of King Davidââ¬â¢s throne. Jesus made the triumphal entry into the city on the first day of the week and many people who were with Him at Bethany accompanied him. It was during the Passover; thus, several people attending the feast joined the jubilant procession to witness His reception.1 Amidst loud voices of praises to God and references to the new kingdom of David, all worked out as carefully orchestrated as Christ made the triumphal entry to the city. The disciples get the colt The hope of the multitude concerning the coming kingdom was again coming out alive. All nature looked as if it was filled with astounding joy. The trees were covered with luxuriance. And, their blossoming seemed to fill the air with a sweet scent.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The people who thronged the triumphal entry were animated with joy and gladness of heart. With the intention of riding into the ancient city as its King, Christ had sent two of disciples to go and get Him an ass together with its colt. 2 At His birth, Christ had relied on the kindness of strangers; the manger at Bethlehem whereby he laid was a borrowed place of rest, and now, although He had authority over all the creation, he relied on the courtesy of a stranger to enable Him enter Jerusalem triumphantly. Nonethe less, the careful orchestration of this event was evident, even in the minute instructions given to fulfill the task. As the Saviour predicted, the request, ââ¬Å"The Lord needs them,â⬠(Luke 19:34), was gladly approved. Bock notes, ââ¬Å"the tradition of angarà ±Ã a can explain the ease with which this is achieved. It is possible that the person is a friend or that the expression would be sufficient to allow them to take the animal. In either case, the remark demonstrates Jesusââ¬â¢ control over eventsâ⬠. 3 Christ planed for all the unseen events. Further, Christ showed total knowledge in this instance. This is because He gave the disciples exact details concerning the whereabouts of the animal, its tied-up condition, the fact that no man had ever used it, and the method they were to use in obtaining it. Christ selected for His use an animal that no one had ever employed for service. Upon getting the colt, the messengers, with eagerness of heart, spread their clot hes on it, and made the Lord to sit on it. Before this, the Saviour had always preferred to make His journeys on foot. Thus, the multitude wondered at first at the decision of their Master to ride on the beast. Nonetheless, hope was brightening in the hearts of the disciples and their expectations rose to the highest pitch.4 The cheerful idea that Christ was nearing the ancient city of Jerusalem, declare Himself as the heir of Davidââ¬â¢s throne, and affirm His royal power, glowed the expectations of everyone in the procession. It is important to note that the Saviour was upholding the Jewish tradition intended for a royal entry. The beast He used for the triumphal entry was that used by the kings of Israel for travelling in times of peace. For example, Jair, the Judge, had thirty sons who rod on donkeys (Judges 10:4), Ahithopel rode on a donkey (2 Samuel 17:23), and Mephibosheth, the royal prince, came to David riding on a donkey (2 Samuel 19:26).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Orchestration of Jesus Triumphal Entry to Jerusalem specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This was contrary to the fact that kings travelled upon horses in times of war in the Middle East. Thus, the action of Christ of riding on a donkey symbolized that he was not the warrior figure that the multitude anticipated, but the Prince of Peace, and, worth mentioning, no one saw it that way then, even His disciples who were supposed to be conversant with this. The thoughts of the people were clouded with a type of mass hysteria and they looked at Jesus as the Messiah of their own making, not the One whom God had sent. More so, prophecy had predicted that the Messiah would ââ¬Å"ride upon an ass, and upon a colt of an assâ⬠(Zech. 9:9). Immediately he had sat on the animal, the air was filled with praises as the multitude praised God in loud voices for all the great things they had witnessed. The people acknowledg ed Him as the Messiah, their King, and the Saviour now allowed honour that he had never before consented to. The multitude thought that this was an evidence that their joyous expectations were about to be fulfilled by His being declared to be the new King of Israel. In addition, in the Old Testament, Jerusalem was viewed as the city of Israelââ¬â¢s kings. After King David had established his throne there, subsequent kings followed this tradition. Thus, the crowd viewed Jesusââ¬â¢ coming to Jerusalem as a symbol that he was going to establish his throne there. The multitudeââ¬â¢s messianic praises The people were persuaded that the time of their liberation from the oppressive rule by the Romans had come. In thoughts, they saw the foreign rule destroyed and their country once more attain self-rule that had been robbed from them. The multitude was joyous and full of excitement. And, they competed with each other in hailing Him as Messiah, their King. Even though the multitude did not exhibit outward pageantry and magnificence, they revered the Saviour in their joyous hearts. Even though they could not present Him with expensive gifts, they spread their cloaks on the road for Him to step on.5 The act of spreading the garments on the road is exemplified from the Old Testament account in which the people spread their outer garments on the road and proclaimed Jehu to be the king of Israel (2 Kings 9:13). More over, they also placed leafy tree branches and palm on the Saviourââ¬â¢s road to the ancient city of Jerusalem.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As much as the demonstration could not meet royal standards, they used palm branches as the natureââ¬â¢s symbol of victory and waved them in the air with deafening praises of ââ¬Å"Blessed is he who comes in the name of Jehovahâ⬠(Psalms 118:26). There are minute wording differences in the depiction of the event in the four Gospel accounts. Mathewââ¬â¢s account of the triumphal entry depicts the royal entry of Christ into the city. Contrary to Markââ¬â¢s account, the procession has a greater association to Christââ¬â¢s link to the Davidic line as the people shout ââ¬Å"Hossanna to the son of Davidâ⬠(Matthew 21:9). However, Matthew fails to depict that Jesusââ¬â¢ entry into the city was triumphant and stresses the humble arrival of the Davidic king into the city. Markââ¬â¢s account of the event follows Mathewââ¬â¢s, enhancing the royal entry of the son of David into the city. Markââ¬â¢s narration of the event fails to fulfill any Jewish nationalis tic hopes; however, he depicts Jesus as bringing judgment upon the unfruitful house of Israel. As with the previous accounts, Lukeââ¬â¢s narrative of the event brings greater prominence to Christââ¬â¢s royal dignity and the nature of the entry into the city. According to the Third Gospel, Christââ¬â¢s entry into the city is to lay claim on his Temple, cleansing it for His purposes. Jesus coming, thus, is not as an earthly king, but it is similar to a divine visitation of the Lord (Luke19: 43-44). A study of the Fourth Gospel reveals significant differences that give an indication of an independent tradition of the same event. The procession in the Johannine account does not shout praises along the way (Mark 11:8ââ¬â10; Matthew 21:8ââ¬â9; Luke 19:36ââ¬â38), but Jesus is received by a reception party from the city that has come for a cordial reception of the Messiah into the city (John 12:12ââ¬â14). In addition, instead of strewing the branches on the pathway of Christ, the well-wishers hold them in their hands (John 12:13). William Barclay comments on this Psalm that it was the last psalm of the group (113-118) referred to as Hallel, meaning Praise God, so the chant was a praising psalm. He says, ââ¬Å"They were part of the first memory work every Jewish boy had to do; they were sung often at great acts of praise and thanksgiving in the Temple; they were an integral part of the Passover ritualâ⬠.6 In addition, this was evidently the victorââ¬â¢s psalm. For example, over a century before the triumphal entry, the Israelites had sung this psalm in jubilation when they acknowledged the victory of Simon Maccabeus in war against their enemies. Maccabeus had defeated Acra and taken it from the Syrians; hence, this was the cause of jubilation. Therefore, it is evident that when the multitude sang this psalm, they had the hope that Christ was the Conqueror and the one who could redeem them from their enemies.7 Additionally, it is eviden t that they perceived Him to be Godââ¬â¢s Anointed One, the Messiah, who was meant to sweep their long delayed triumph over Rome and the whole world. 8To the multitude, they were just waiting for the alarm to be sounded so that they could claim their victory. As the disciples continued with their demonstration, other people who had heard of Christââ¬â¢s coming to the capital hurried to be part of jubilant throng. Onlookers were continually intermingling with the procession and inquiring about what was happening as well as the meaning of the orchestrated commotion. Most of them had heard of Christ and they hoped that He would go to the capital; however, they were astonished at the changes that had taken place because He had thwarted all previous efforts to crown Him the King of Israel. More over, the onlookers were amazed at the loud acclamations since heretofore He had made it clear that His kingdom does not belong to this world. However, the inquiries of the spectators are si lenced by loud voices of victory. As the people afar off echoed shouts of triumph, crowds from Jerusalem joined the demonstration who greeted Him with the waving of palm branches and rent praises to God in the air. From the large number of people assembled to attend the Passover, many went forth to pay homage to Christ. And, as the priests called the people for the service just before dusk, not many came forth, making the leaders to start becoming suspicious of the activities of Jesus. During His ministry, Christ had not allowed such a procession to take place and he plainly foresaw that the result of this would lead him to the cross. Nonetheless, He had intended to present Himself in public as the Messiah and thus call to the attention of everyone the sacrifice that was to end his earthly ministry. When the Jews were gathering at Jerusalem to mark the Passover, Jesus, the antitypical Lamb, willingly set Himself apart to be sacrificed so that the events, which came before His death at the cross should be a subject of great thought and duty so as to call attention to the great sacrifice itself.9 Following such a jubilant procession in His entry to the ancient city, the attention of everyone would be called to His quick advancements that would mark the end of his mission on earth. The happenings of this great demonstration would be the subject of discussion, as many would seek to find their relation to His trial and death.10 As many would remember Christ, they would be led to study the scriptures. Thus, they would be persuaded that indeed Jesus was the Messiah. As a result, many would be converted to the faith all over the world. Never before had such a victorious demonstration taken place in any part of the globe.11 The shouts echoed and re-echoed from hill to hill and from valley to valley as the multitude sang, ââ¬Å"Hosanna to the Son of David: Blessed is He that cometh in the name of the Lord! Hosanna in the highestâ⬠(Luke 19:38). The triumphal proce ssion had never been like that of the worldââ¬â¢s prominent victors as no trophies of kingly bravery were present at the scene. However, about the Coming One were the magnificent trophies of His relentless toils of love for the wickedness of the world.12 Captives he had rescued from the evil oneââ¬â¢s power, the blind who could now see, the dumb who were now shouting hosannas, the cripples who were now walking, the lepers whom He had cleansed from their deadly ailments, and even those He had rescued from the hold of death, were present in the procession. The Phariseesââ¬â¢ criticism In the background of the procession, Pharisees were present. As they were filled with jealousy and hatred, they searched for ways of making the popular feeling to be without meaning. Thus, they employed their authority to stop the multitude from shouting jubilant praises. However, their pleas and intimidations turned on deaf ears and served only to increase the excitement of the crowd. The Jewis h authorities feared that the many people who were present in the procession would make Jesus the king of Israel. As the final option, they made their way through the multitude and to where Christ was to beseech Him. They said, ââ¬Å"Teacher, rebuke your disciplesâ⬠(Luke 19:39). They maintained that such noisy processions were not allowed the Roman government and would only serve to bring them more penalties. However, the reply of the Saviour silenced them, ââ¬Å"I tell you that, if these should hold their peace, the stones would immediately cry outâ⬠(Luke 19:40). The scene of the jubilant demonstration was divinely orchestrated.13 The prophet of God had predicted it. Thus, man did not have any power to prevent Godââ¬â¢s own appointing from taking place. If the people had fallen short of fulfilling this purpose, God could have passed the privilege to the inanimate objects. To accomplish His purpose, they would have hailed His Son with praises of joy. Further, the Je wish authoritiesââ¬â¢ criticism of the praises depicts that nothing has changed. 14They have still declined to acknowledge that God sent Christ and that He is the Messiah. The Phariseesââ¬â¢ objection is but the initial of their several actions to thwart the mission of Jesus and ultimately kill Him. Jesus weeping over the city As soon as the demonstration arrived at the peak of the hill, a sudden change was seen on the face of the Messiah. Before they were to descend to Jerusalem, His sudden change of countenance summoned the demonstration to stop. The westering sun clearly revealed the glory of the ancient city of Jerusalem. The multitude was attracted at the grandeur of the temple, which had been their pride and glory as a nation. As the Saviour looked at the magnificence of the temple, the people stared at Him with the expectation of seeing on His face the same appreciation they themselves were feeling concerning the sudden sight of beauty before them. However, they were sh ocked and dissatisfied when they observed the Saviourââ¬â¢s eyes filled with an agony of tears.15 The multitude was astonished at this sight of the Messiah, whom they were welcoming to the magnificent city to be crowned king. They expected He was about to start His reign, but the sudden sorrow in the midst of the scene of rejoicing made them to be spellbound. 16 The tears of Christ were not in expectation of His own death at the cross, but the sight of Israelââ¬â¢s utter rejection of their Redeemer pierced the heart of the Son of God. The Saviourââ¬â¢s agony was not selfish. The Jews had scorned His love. They declined to accept His teachings even the mighty miracles He performed did nothing to make them change their ways.17 Jesus saw that the people were in guilt of forsaking their day of visitation. Heretofore, the Jews were a favoured people. The temple of the Lord, where He dwelt, was present amongst them. For more than a thousand years, the temple had been used for utt ering the messages of God, offering animal sacrifices for sin, and holding ceremonies. However, the culmination of all these was imminent. Amidst, the sorrow He felt for the doomed city of Jerusalem, Jesus exclaimed, ââ¬Å"If you, even you, had only known on this day what would bring you peaceââ¬âbut now it is hidden from your eyesâ⬠¦(Luke 19: 42). Christââ¬â¢s weeping of the impending doom of Jerusalem was similar to the one that Prophet Jeremiah gave concerning the approaching exile of the Israelites to Babylon (Jeremiah 6:6-20) or Prophet Isaiahââ¬â¢s proclamation of the looming destruction of the city of Jerusalem (Isaiah 29: 1-3). Christ weeping depicts that the results of denouncing Godââ¬â¢s word is a national judgment; when God strives for peace and His conditions are denounced, judgment is unavoidable.18 If Israel had acknowledged the gift Godââ¬â¢s beloved Son, Jesus could not have pronounced the impending doom that was awaiting the glorious city. If t he Israelites had accepted the Messenger from above and listened to His reproves, they might have been healed of their grievous malady, set free from bondage, and became the worldââ¬â¢s diadem of glory.19 However, the doomed people rejected Godââ¬â¢s last massage for them; thus, their misery was forthcoming. Jesus was sent to liberate the people of Israel. However, Pharisaical arrogance, insincerity, covetousness, and hatred had thwarted His efforts of fulfilling His mission.20 Christ was aware of the dreadful retribution that would be visited upon the doomed city: ââ¬Å"The days will come upon you when your enemies will build an embankment against you and encircle you and hem you in on every sideâ⬠¦. They will not leave one stone on another, because you did not recognize the time of Godââ¬â¢s coming to you (Luke 19: 43-44). Thus, in anticipation of the desolation that was awaiting Jerusalem because of refusing His salvation, Christ wept over the beloved city. The beau tiful and unholy city had ignored Godââ¬â¢s warnings, ridiculed His mercies, and was about to put His son to death. As a father weeps over a disobedient child, Christ was moved by the increasing wickedness of the city that would forever shut the grace of God from it. As the procession advanced, the authorities in Jerusalem received the message that Christ was nearing the city. However, they feel no urge to welcome the Messiah, and in fear, they moved out with the expectation of using their authority to disperse the multitude. Conclusion In Jesusââ¬â¢ triumphal entry to Jerusalem, he drew near the ancient city in a carefully orchestrated manner. He asks two of His get a beast for Him so that he could ride on it as he approached the city. Jesus got into Jerusalem to the eschatological shouts of the people. The multitude sang praises signifying Godââ¬â¢s power seen through His son. More over, they acknowledged that Christ came as a king in the name of the Lord. The behaviour o f the people depicted the accomplishment of the national craving for salvation, often seen during the Passover. As the jubilant procession was advancing, some Jewish authorities stood on the sidelines and criticized the followers of Christ for their noisy demonstration. However, Christ approved the messianic praise he was receiving and commented that if they were to stop, then stones would take up the refrain of praise to fulfill the purpose of God. Despite Christââ¬â¢s attempts to deliver Godââ¬â¢s messages, He was rejected; thus, He wept over the doom that was awaiting the glorious city of Jerusalem. Christ, talking on behalf of God, noted that he wished to assemble the Israelites under His wing, a depiction of concern and protection; however, His people chose to go it alone and rejected Godââ¬â¢s messages. As a result, Jesus prophesied that the city of Jerusalem would be destroyed in total as they missed the Messiahââ¬â¢s visitation. Bibliography Barclay, William. The Gospel of John (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2001). Bock , Darrell. Luke 9:51-24:53 (BECNT; Grand Rapids: Baker, 1996). Bockmuehl, Markus. This Jesus: martyr, Lord, Messiah (London; New York, NY: T T Clark International, 2004). Buckwalter, Douglas. The character and purpose of Lukeââ¬â¢s Christology (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996). Clark, George. A new harmony of the four Gospels in Englishâ⬠¦ (New York, S.W. Green, 1870). Craig, Evans A. Mark 8:27-16:20 (WBC; Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2001). Deffinbaugh, Robert. That you might believe: a study of the Gospel of John (Dallas, Tex.: Biblical Studies Press, 2002). Graves, Joel. Gathering over Jerusalem (New York: Xulon Press, 2003). Grun, Anselm. Through the year with Jesus (New York: Continuum, 2004). Hanna, William. The Passion week (Edinburgh: Edmonston Douglas, 1866.). Kinman, Brent. Jesusââ¬â¢ entry into Jerusalem: in the context of Lukan theology and theà politics of his day (Leiden: Brill, 1995). Losie, L. Triumphal Entry,â⬠in Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels (eds. Green, McKnight Marshall; Leceister: IVP, 1992). Malone, Tom. With Jesus after sinners (New York: Sword of the Lord Publishers, 1966). Miller, Jarid. Yahshua, the man Behind the Glory (New York: Xlibris Corporation, 2010). Neander, August. The life of Jesus Christ : in its historical connexion and historicalà development (New York : Harper, 1851). Padfield, David. ââ¬ËChristââ¬â¢s triumphal entry into Jerusalemââ¬â¢ In The Church of Christ in Zion,à Illinois. Web. Rice, John. The Son of God (Murfreesboro, Tenn.: Sword of the Lord Publishers, 1976). Redford, Douglas. The life and ministry of Jesus: the Gospels (Cincinnati, OH: Standard Pub., 2007). Stein, Robert H. Jesus the Messiah: A Survey of the Life of Christ (Downers Grove: IVP, 1996). Williams, Isaac. The Gospel narrative of the Holy Week, harmonized (London: Ravington, 1843). Footnotes 1à Isaac Williams, The Gospel narrative of the Holy Week, harmonized, (London: Ravington, 1843), 13-24. 2 Jarid Miller, Yahshua, the man Behind the Glory (New York: Xlibris Corporation, 2010), 99-100. 3 Darrell Bock. Luke 9:51-24:53 (BECNT; Grand Rapids: Baker, 1996) 4 David, Padfield, ââ¬ËChristââ¬â¢s triumphal entry into Jerusalemââ¬â¢ In The Church of Christ in Zion, Illinois. 5 L. Losie. Triumphal Entry,â⬠in Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels (eds. Green, McKnight Marshall; Leceister: IVP, 1992), 854-859. 6 William Barclay. The Gospel of John (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2001), 132-136. 7 John Rice. The Son of God (Murfreesboro, Tenn.: Sword of the Lord Publishers, 1976), 245-250. 8 Markus Bockmuehl. This Jesus: martyr, Lord, Messiah (London; New York, NY: T T Clark International, 2004), 90-92. 9 William Hanna, The Passion week (Edinburgh: Edmonston Douglas, 1866.). 3-20. 10 Brent Kinman, Jesusââ¬â¢ entry into Jerusalem : in the context of Lukan theology and the politics of his day (Leiden: Brill, 1995), 159-161. 11 Joel Graves, Gathering over Jerusalem (New York: Xulon Press, 2003), 51-52. 12 August Neander, The life of Jesus Christ : in its historical connexion and historical development (New York : Harper, 1851), 355-360. 13 Robert Stein, H. Jesus the Messiah: A Survey of the Life of Christ (Downers Grove: IVP, 1996). 14 Douglas Buckwalter, The character and purpose of Lukeââ¬â¢s Christology (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996), 108-111. 15 Tom Malone, With Jesus after sinners (New York: Sword of the Lord Publishers, 1966), 147-148. 16 Evans Craig A, Mark 8:27-16:20 (WBC; Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2001). 17 Douglas Redford, The life and ministry of Jesus: the Gospels (Cincinnati, OH: Standard Pub., 2007), 239-242. 18 George Clark, A new harmony of the four Gospels in Englishâ⬠¦ (New York, S.W. Green, 1870), 290-294. 19 Anselm Grun, Through the year with Jesus (New York: Continuum, 2004), 101-106. 20 Robert Deffinbaugh, That you might believe: a study of the Gospel of John (Dallas, Tex.: Biblical Studies Press, 2002), 370-373. This essay on The Orchestration of Jesus Triumphal Entry to Jerusalem was written and submitted by user Sunset Bain to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
Wednesday, March 18, 2020
Freeze Tag Drama Class Improv Game
Freeze Tag Drama Class Improv Game The Basics Freeze Tag (also known simply as Freeze) is an improvisation game and a great drama exercise for performers at any level. It works best in groups of eight or more. Two volunteers step onto the stage while the rest of the actors sit and wait for the right moment to join in. I Need a Location As with most improv activities, audience participation is essential. The actors on stage will request suggestions for a specific location. If this is a classroom exercise, the drama instructor should encourage the audience to be creative with their suggestions. For example, Stuck inside a giant vending machine or In the break room of Santas Workshop is far more inspiring than Shopping mall. The performers listen to a few of the suggestions. They then quickly select an interesting setting and the scene begins. The goal of the actors is to invent characters and dialogue off the cuff. They should quickly establish a storyline and conflict. Also, they should be encouraged to move about the stage space, pantomiming whatever they wish to incorporate into the scene. Calling Freeze! After the actors have been given enough time to create an interesting situation, the performers sitting in the audience can now participate. All they need to do is shout, Freeze! The actors on stage will then stand motionless. Whoever called out freeze enters the stage space. He or she takes the place of one of the actors, recreating the exact same pose. This can sometimes be challenging if the actor happens to be in a ballet position or crawling on all fours. But thats part of the fun! Keep It Going A brand new scene begins with a different setting and different characters. No more suggestions are taken from the audience. Instead, it is up to the performers to invent the situation. Drama instructors should ask students to let the physical positions influence the storyline of the next scene. For example, if one set of performers is frozen while in the middle of a tug of war contest, the next scene could take place at an Amish barn raising. Also, instructors should make certain that each scene is given enough time to develop. Usually, two or three minutes is ample time to establish character and conflict. At first, improvisation activities might be very challenging for unseasoned performers. Yet, we often played these sorts of games when we were children. Remember: Improvisation is simply an advanced form of playing pretend.
Sunday, March 1, 2020
My Dads - Sample Common Application Essay - Option #1
My Dads - Sample Common Application Essay - Option #1 The essay prompt for option #1 of the 2018-19à Common Application allows students a lot of breadth: Some students have a background, identity, interest, or talent that is so meaningful they believe their application would be incomplete without it. If this sounds like you, then please share your story. The prompt allows students to write about just about anything they find extremely important in their lives. Charlie chose this option because his atypical family situation was a defining part of his identity. Here is his essay: Charlie's Common Application Essay My Dads I have two dads. They met in the early 80s, became partners soon after, and adopted me in 2000. I think Iââ¬â¢ve always know that we were a little different from most families, but thatââ¬â¢s never really bothered me. My story, that which defines me, is not that I have two dads. Iââ¬â¢m not automatically a better person, or smarter, or more talented, or better looking because I am the child of a same-sex couple. Iââ¬â¢m not defined by the number of fathers I have (or the lack of mothers). Having two dads is inherent to my person not because of the novelty; itââ¬â¢s inherent because it has afforded me a completely unique life perspective. Iââ¬â¢m very fortunate to have grown up in a loving and safe environment- with caring friends, family, and neighbors. I know for my dads, that was not always the case. Living on a farm in Kansas, my dad Jeff struggled internally with his identity for years. My dad Charley was luckier; born and raised in New York City, he was always supported by his parents and the community there. He only has a few stories of being harassed on the street or the subway. Dad Jeff, though, has a web of scarring on his right arm, from the time he was jumped leaving a bar; one of the men pulled a knife on him. When I was little, he used to make up stories about these scars; it wasnââ¬â¢t until I was fifteen that he told me the truth. I know how to be afraid. My dads know how to be afraid- for me, for themselves, for the life theyââ¬â¢ve created. When I was six, a man threw a brick through our front window. I donââ¬â¢t remember much about that night save for a few images: the police arriving, my aunt Joyce helping to clean up the glass, my dads hugging, how they let me sleep in their bed that night. This night wasnââ¬â¢t a turning point for me, a realization that the world is an ugly, nasty place. We carried on as usual, and nothing like that ever happened again. I guess, in retrospect, my dads were just used to living slightly afraid. But it never stopped them from going out in public, being seen together, being seen with me. Through their bravery, their unwillingness to give in, they taught me the virtue of courage more concretely and lasting than a thousand parables or Bible verses ever could. I also know how to respect people. Growing up in a ââ¬Å"differentâ⬠family dynamic has led me to appreciate and understand others who are labeled as ââ¬Å"different.â⬠I know how they feel. I know where theyââ¬â¢re coming from. My dads know what it is like to be spat on, looked down on, yelled at, and belittled. Not only do they want to keep me from being bullied; they want to keep me from bullying. They have taught me, through their actions, beliefs, and habits, always to strive to be the best person I can. And I know countless other people have learned the same things from their own parents. But my story is different. I wish having same-sex parents wasnââ¬â¢t the novelty it is. Iââ¬â¢m not a charity case, or a miracle, or a role model because I have two dads. But I am who I am because of them. Because of all theyââ¬â¢ve lived through, dealt with, suffered, and tolerated. And from that, theyââ¬â¢ve taught me how to help others, how to care about the world, how to make a difference- in a thousand small ways. I am not just the ââ¬Å"boy with two dads;â⬠Iââ¬â¢m the boy with two dads who taught him how to be a decent, caring, courageous, and loving human being. A Critique of Charlie's Common Application Essay Overall, Charlie has written a strong essay. This critique looks at the features of theà essay that make it shine as well as a few areas that could use a little improvement. The Essay Title Charlies title is short and simple, but it is also effective. Most college applicants have a single dad, so the mention of plural dads is likely to pique the interest of the reader. Good titles dont need to be funny, punny, or clever, and Charlie has clearly gone for a straight-forward but effective approach. There are, of course, many strategies for writing a good essay title, but Charlie has done a good job on this front. à The Essay Length For the 2018-19 academic year, the Common Application essay has a word limit of 650 and a minimum length of 250 words. At 630 words, Charlies essay is on the long side of the range. Youll see advice from many college counselors stating that you are better off keeping your essay short, but that advice is controversial. Sure, you dont want to have wordiness, fluff, digressions, vague language, or redundancy in your essay (Charlie is not guilty of any of these sins). But a well-crafted, tight, 650-word essay can provide the admissions folks with a more detailed portrait of you than a 300-word essay. The fact that the college is asking for an essay means that it hasà holistic admissions, and the admissions folks want to learn about you as an individual. Use the space youve been given to do so. Again, there are many theories about the ideal essay length, but you can obviously do a more thorough job introducing yourself to the college with an essay that takes advantage of the space youve been given. The Essay Topic Charlie steers clear of some of the obvious bad essay topics, and he has certainly focused on a topic that the admissions folks wont see very frequently. His topic is an excellent choice for Common Application option #1 for his domestic situation has clearly played a defining role in who he is. There are, of course, a few conservative colleges with religious affiliations that would not look favorably upon this essay, but thats not an issue here since those are schools that would not be a good match for Charlie. The essay topic is also a good choice in that it illustrates how Charlie will contribute to the diversity of the college campus. Colleges want to enroll a diverse college class, for we all learn from interacting with people who are different than us. Charlie contributes to diversity not through race, ethnicity, or sexual orientation, but by having an upbringing that is different from the great majority of people.à Weaknesses of the Essay For the most part, Charlie has written an excellent essay. The prose in the essay is clear and fluid, and aside from an incorrectà punctuation mark and a vague pronoun reference, the writing is pleasing free of errors. Although Charlies essay isnt likely to create any significant concerns from readers, the tone of the conclusion could use a little reworking. The last sentence, in which he calls himself a decent, caring, courageous, and loving human being, comes across as a little strong with the self-praise. In fact, that last paragraph would be stronger if Charlie simply cut the final sentence. Hes already made the point in that sentence without the problem of tone we encounter at the very end. This is a classic case of show, dont tell. Charlie has shown that he is a decent person, so he doesnt need to spoon feed that information to his reader. The Overall Impression Charlies essay has much that is excellent, and the admissions folks are likely to respond positively to how understated most of it is. For example, when Charlie narrates the scene of the brick flying through the window, he says, this night wasnt a turning point for me. This is not an essay about sudden life-changing epiphanies; rather, it is about the life-long lessons in bravery, perseverance, and love that have made Charlie into the person that he is. A couple simple questions you can ask when evaluating an essay are these: 1) Does the essay help us get to know the applicant better? 2) Does the applicant seem like someone who would contribute to a campus community in a positive way? With Charlies essay, the answer to both questions is yes. To see more sample essays and learn strategies for each of the essay options, be sure to read The 2018-19 Common Application Essay Prompts.
Friday, February 14, 2020
Discussion Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1
Discussion Board - Essay Example Conversely, "passive" ITS probe vehicles are vehicles that are already in the traffic stream for purposes other than data collection. passenger in the test vehicle; Historically, the manual method has been the most commonly used travel time data collection technique. This method requires a driver and a passenger to be in the test vehicle. The driver operates the test vehicle while the passenger records time information at predefined checkpoints to the transmission of the test vehicle; Technology has automated the manual method with the use of an electronic DMI. The DMI is connected to a portable computer in the test vehicle and receives pulses at given intervals from the transmission of the vehicle. Distance and speed information are then determined from these pulses satellites. GPS has become the most recent technology to be used for travel time data collection. A GPS receiver is connected to a portable computer and collects the latitude and longitude information that enables tracking of the test vehicle. Each of these test vehicle techniques is described in detail in the following sections of this chapter. The following elements are included for each technique: overview, advantages and disadvantages, cost and equipment requirements, data collection instructions, data reduction and quality control, and previous experiences. Since the driver of the test vehicle is a member of the data collection team, driving styles and behavior can be controlled to match desired driving behavior. The following are three common test vehicle driving styles (1): - Average car - test vehicle travels according to the driver's judgement of the average speed of the traffic stream; - Floating car - driver "floats" with the traffic by attempting to safely pass as many vehicles as pass the test vehicle; and - Maximum car - test vehicle is driven at the posted speed limit unless impeded by actual traffic conditions or safety considerations. The floating car driving style is the most commonly referenced. In practice, however, drivers will likely adopt a hybrid of the floating car and average car because of the inherent difficulties of keeping track of passed and passing vehicles in high traffic volume conditions Advantages and Disadvantages The manual method (pen and paper) has the following advantages: - No special equipment needs; - Low skill level (no special hardware training); and - Minimal equipment costs. The manual method (pen and paper) has the following disadvantages: - High labor requirements (driver and observer); - Low level of detail (average speeds for 0.4 to 0.8 km, or 0.25 to 0.5 mi). Average speed and delay are reasonable while queue length and speed profiles are difficult; - Greater potential for human error (potential for marking wrong checkpoints or inaccurate times); - Potential data entry errors (e.g.,
Saturday, February 1, 2020
Inquiry of The Scottish Parliament building at Holyrood Essay
Inquiry of The Scottish Parliament building at Holyrood - Essay Example Enric Miralles, the Catalan architect and designer of the building died while the project was in progress. The former Lord Advocate Peter Fraser in his Holyrood Inquiry in 2003 has identified the Construction Management method of procurement as one of the major factors affecting the final cost of the project (White and Sidhu 2005). Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to outline the alternative methods of construction procurement that may have been considered for the Scottish Parliament building. One of the methods will be selected as the most suitable, and the reasons for the choice will be explained. The Scottish Parliament building has won numerous awards including the 2005 Stirling Prize for its architecture. The design of the construction was conceived as a poetic fusion of the ââ¬Å"Scottish landscape, its people, its culture and the city of Edinburghâ⬠(Satellite Sites 2008). However, the unrealistic cost estimates at the conception stage, the lack of true comprehension of the architectsââ¬â¢ evolving design, requirement for changes and increases approved by the client: the Secretary of State and later the Parliament, and the consequent rise in costs resulted in financial difficulties during the construction. Most significantly, there was inadequate understanding of the Construction Management route of procurement, with no information given to the ministers regarding the risks involved in this method. Moreover, due to the complexity of the project, high maintenance costs are being incurred in an ongoing manner (White and Sidhu 2005). The procurement system is the project organisational structure adopted by the client. It is defined as the ââ¬Å"collective action required to acquire the design, management and installation of inputsâ⬠(Ngowi 2000, p.362). According to Morledge (2006), over the last twenty-five years, there have not been any significant changes in the United Kingdom strategies for the procurement of new
Friday, January 24, 2020
Alternatives to Human-embryo Stem-cell Research Essay -- Argumentative
Alternatives to Human-embryo Stem-cell Research à à à This essay counters the media and many scientists' claims that there are no viable alternatives to human-embryo stem-cell research (ESCR). à The media restate the claim (made repeatedly in NIH documents) that adult stem cells do not have the same potential as embryonic stem cells, which in theory can form any tissue. But studies done with adult stem cells (studies which mirror the ones done with embryonic stem cells) show that adult stem cells do have the capacity to form essentially any tissue. à The most misleading term which continues to be used is "pluripotent." Literally, this means able to form most (but not all) tissues. This term continues to be used incorrectly, primarily to imply that human embryonic stem cells can form all human tissues except "trophoblast" tissue - this is an essential outer layer of cells in the early embryo which allows it to implant into the uterine wall and nourishes early development. The trophoblast is also the part of the embryo removed in its destruction to harvest the inner embryonic stem cells. The phrase "human pluripotent stem cells" has been used to counter the question of whether human embryonic stem cells in culture could actually reform a human embryo, implying that this is not possible. Yet in testimony before the Senate, then-Director of the NIH, Harold Varmus, said that this possibility was uncertain, and that in fact it would be unethical to attempt such an experiment to determine whether this was possible (Varmus). Enter the te rm pluripotent - if the embryonic stem cells cannot form trophoblast, they cannot form an embryo. Mouse embryonic stem cells cannot form trophoblast tissue. BUT, as stated in Thomson... ... disputing that we are a human being even at the one-cell stage. It has never been acceptable to sacrifice one set of human lives for the potential benefit of others (and they are only potential benefits at this point.) Human embryonic stem cell research assigns different values to different human beings, designating some as people and some as property. à It is totally UNNECESSARY. Ethical alternatives exist such as adult stem cells which have already shown much more promise than embryonic cells, these results for adult stem cells are fully detailed in the scientific literature, and that adult stem cells are already being used clinically, making good on the potential that embryonic stem cells only promise. à WORKS CITED: Varmus, Harold. http://www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/statement.htm Thomson, Professor. http://www.erp.wisc.edu/faculty/thomson/
Thursday, January 16, 2020
Obedience Essay
One of the most prominent studies of obedience in the study of psychology was performed by Stanley Milgram. The intent of this study was to research how far individuals would go in obeying a command while it involved hurting someone. Milgramââ¬â¢s curiosity to see how normal individuals could be influenced by enormity seems to be an influence for this study. My initial reaction to Milgramââ¬â¢s study video was pure disgust. In my opinion, he treated his participants like animals. Due to his own fascination, he did not care about the well being of his participants, but rather to fulfill his own thirst for knowledge. During the video, a man pleads to let him out and the responded says, ââ¬Å"Go on, I will not be responsible for itâ⬠. A few seconds later he yells and continues to ask to let him out. The presence of the administrator affect obedience because of his authoritative role, and continues to reassure the subjects that the volts were not harming them. It is anticipat ed that individuals are to follow directions accustomed by an administrator. For instance, authority affects obedience in our everyday lives. When we attend school, there are different layers of authority. You have your teachers, security services, a vice principal and a head principal. It is important to show respect, listen and engage what is being ask of you because there is a higher level of authority. In my opinion, when individuals do things against their personal ethics when an authority asks can have many different reasons. This study confirms that obedience can take precedence over moral code (Myers, 2012). Obedience to authority is implemented in our brains at a very young age. As children it is integrated to follow authority, whether it be a parent, teacher, boss etc. Normative influences can also be a result. References Myers, D. G. (2012). Exploring social psychology (6th ed.). Boston, MA:McGraw-Hill. retrieved from:http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0073531871/student_view0/module14/video.html
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
Alzheimers and Dementia Risk Factors - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1498 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/04/04 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Alzheimer's Disease Essay Did you like this example? A very thorough study by The Alzheimers Association states that, 5.7 million Americans are living with alzheimers in 2018. Seniors, 65 or older, are more likely to get the disease (Alzheimers Association). Dementia is not reversible and progressively destroys memory over the course of a few years.When most people think if dementia, they think of Alzheimers, but many people do not know that that is just one out of quite a few forms of dementia. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Alzheimers and Dementia Risk Factors" essay for you Create order Dementia is more common as people grow older. Before all of the research, developing dementia was mostly based on family history, genes and age. Now, research is beginning to reveal more information that we could use to prevent this disease (Alzheimers Association). Factors such as bad health, head injuries and smoking can put someone at a greater risk for developing Alzheimers or other forms of dementia in their later years of life. There is a link between head injuries and Alzheimers that puts you at more risk to develop Alzheimers or any other form of dementia. There are ways you can protect your brain like wearing a helmet when you participate in sports and wearing a seatbelt when riding in a car. All of these can decrease the chance of developing dementia such as Alzheimers disease. Once known as dementia pugilistica, head injuries that cause dementia are now known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy, which is caused by protein deposits formed in the brain from a head injury (Alzheimers Society). Head injuries can be preventable. On the website National Center for Biotechnology, an article written by Anna Nordstrom, from the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, states, a meta-analysis of 15 case-control studies determined that individuals who suffered severe brain injuries were approximately 50% more likely to develop Alzheimers. With that information, when are the chances worse? The same stu dy states, researchers found out that the risk of a dementia diagnosis is highest during your first year after the injury (National Center for Biotechnology). Even though your chances are greater after the first year, your overall chances of developing dementia never really goes away. During this time, people were four to six times more likely to get a dementia diagnosis after a traumatic brain injury than those without the injury. Even though the overall risk decreased over time, patients still faced higher risk even thirty years later (National Center of Biotechnology). According to Jesse Fann, professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the University of Washington School of Medicine, Our data showed that even if you have multiple head injuries in your early twenties, the risk of developing dementia in your fifties increases by 60% (UW Medicine2:20-32). My great grandfather and both of his brothers were boxers, they all went through bad head injuries during their career and all three developed dementia as they grew older. Many boxers, football players and wrestlers develop a form of dementia; which means that even if you have a traumatic brain injury when you are fairly young, it could still affect you later down the road. At the fifteen year follow up, researchers found the risk for a dementia diagnosis increased 80 percent in those who have had at least one traumatic brain injury compared to those who havent (National Center of Biotechnology). Your overall health also has an affect on your chances of developing Alzheimers later down the road. In an article from Alzheimers Society, authors state, there is very strong evidence that conditions that damage your heart, arteries or blood circulation such as Type 2 Diabetes, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol levels and obesity all significantly affect a persons chances of developing Alzheimers. These all can be avoidable so your health doesnt affect you when you grow much older. In the book Understanding Alzheimers the author Dr. Naheed Ali stated, Poor lifestyle habits that could lead to high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, atherosclerosis, and diabetes are now risk factors for Alzheimers disease (25). These conditions can contribute to the damage and and death of brain cells by hardening the blood vessels and blocking oxygen flow to the brain. Which means that there are steps you can take to control high blood pressure and cholesterol levels. While keeping yo ur blood pressure under control is important, over treating it can be just as harmful as undertreating it says Dr. Levine from an article in Everyday Health. When blood pressure is low it becomes difficult for our bodies to supply the exact amount of blood we need to our brains. Having cardiovascular disease or Type 2 Diabetes, the risk of developing dementia increases by up to two times, which is most typically known as vascular dementia; this is caused by problems that have to do with blood supply to the brain (Alzheimers Society). Having poor mental health also puts you at risk for developing dementia. Depression is a big leading factor. Esther Heerema, who is a licensed social worker and has worked with hundreds of people with Alzheimers dementia and other types of dementias stated, In a study involving 1,764 participants who were tested and monitored for eight years to evaluate depression symptoms and dementia symptoms, the researchers found that there was a significant correlation between late-life depression and the risk of dementia (Very Well Health). Depression in late-life is unhealthy for your brain, as well as early life depression. Depression in early life can also affect your chances of developing this disease. After more studies, researchers concluded that individuals with either early or late life depression were both up to four times more likely to develop dementia than those without depression (Very Well Health). A lot of people do not realize the overall effect that your health can have on your brain. Depression and Type 2 Diabetes pose a significantly higher risk of developing dementia, and that when the participants had both type 2 diabetes and depression, the risk was even greater than expected (Very Well Health). There are ways that you can keep your mental health strong. Improving your mental health can include eating well and exercising. Gisele Wolf-Klein a professor of medicine at Hofstra Medical School and director of geriatric education for the North Shore LIJ Health System in New York states, Very much of what applies to prevention and good healthy habits in general, applies also to the prevention of dementia (Everyday Health). A very healthy habit to take up to improve your mental health includes exercising. You dont have to go crazy overboard with the exercising, exercising for just a little bit everyday can help. Studies show that just walking more than a couple blocks a day will reduce dementia risk says Dr. Wolf-Klein (Everyday Health). Exercise is helpful for your body to continue good blood flow to the brain. We already know that smoking causes serious health risks, but did you know it increases your chances of developing Alzheimers, too (Cognitive Vitality)? Smoking is very unhealthy for your brain. Cigarettes and cigarette smoke contains more than 4,700 chemical compounds, including some that are highly toxic such as vinyl chloride, hydrogen cyanide, arsenic, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, and heavy metals (Cognitive Vitality). None of these can be good for you nor healthy for your brain. The World health Organization now estimates that up to 14% of Alzheimers, most common form of dementia, cases are caused by smoking (Health and Wellness Alerts). There have been quite a few studies on smoking and how it is related to dementia. A 2015 analysis published in the online scientific journal PLOS ONE evaluated the results of 37 studies that compared current smokers with people who never smoked or who quit; the authors found that current smokers were 30 percent more likely to develop some for m of dementia than people who never smoked (Health and Wellness Alerts). Which means, that even if you quit smoking, your chances go down. Smoking leads to cognitive decline in many ways. Smoking harms DNA cells throughout the body, which promotes the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain; both are closely associated with Alzheimers disease (Cognitive Vitality). Alzheimers is not the only form of dementia you can develop from smoking. Tobacco smoke damages arteries, which interferes with flow to the brain (Cognitive Vitality). When you have poor blood supply to your brain you can develop vascular dementia. Smoking is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, so it makes sense that it would also make you vulnerable to Alzheimers disease and other dementias, John H. Growdon, MD who studies neurology, states (Sharecare). Cardiovascular disease is also linked to vascular dementia and Alzheimers. As earlier mentioned, there has been many studies on smoking and how it is related to Alzheimers and other forms of dementia. Anthony Cirillo who studies Geriatric Medicine says, A Kaiser Permanente study reported that an analysis of more than 20,000 men and women, studied since 1978, found a 157% heightened risk of Alzheimers for people who smoked two packs or more a day (Sharecare). Smoking two packs a day is a whole lot of smoking, but even less than that can still heighten the risk.
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